Pascual Orozco, Early Leader of the Mexican Revolution

Pascual Orozco (January 28, 1882–August 30, 1915) was a Mexican muleteer, warlord, and revolutionary who participated in the early parts of the Mexican Revolution (1910–1920). More of an opportunist than an idealist, Orozco and his army fought in many key battles between 1910 and 1914 before he â€Å"backed the wrong horse,† said General Victoriano Huerta, whose brief presidency lasted from 1913 to 1914. Exiled, Orozco was captured and executed by Texas Rangers. Fast Facts: Pascual Orozco Known For: Mexican revolutionaryBorn: January 28, 1882 in Santa Inà ©s,  Chihuahua, MexicoParents: Pascual Orozco Sr. and Amanda Orozco y Và ¡zquezaDied: August 30, 1915 in the Van Horn Mountains, MexicoNotable Quote: â€Å"Here are the wrappers: send more tamales.† Early Life Pascual Orozco was born on January 28, 1882, in Santa Inà ©s,  Chihuahua, Mexico. Before the Mexican Revolution broke out, he was a small-time entrepreneur, storekeeper, and muleteer. He came from a lower-middle-class family in the northern state of Chihuahua and by working hard and saving money, he was able to acquire a respectable amount of wealth. As a self-starter who made his own fortune, he became disenchanted with the corrupt regime of Porfirio Dà ­az, who tended to favor old money and those with connections, neither of which Orozco had. Orozco became involved with the Flores Magà ³n brothers, Mexican dissidents trying to stir up rebellion from safety in the United States. Orozco and Madero In 1910, opposition presidential candidate Francisco I. Madero, who lost due to election fraud, called for a revolution against the crooked Dà ­az. Orozco organized a small force in the Guerrero area of Chihuahua and quickly won a series of skirmishes against federal forces. His force grew with every victory, swelled by local peasants who were drawn by patriotism, greed, or both. By the time Madero returned to Mexico from exile in the United States, Orozco commanded a force of several thousand men. Madero promoted him first to colonel and then general, even though Orozco had no military background. Early Victories While Emiliano Zapatas army kept Dà ­az federal forces busy in the south, Orozco and his armies took over the north. The uneasy alliance of Orozco, Madero, and Pancho Villa captured several key towns in Northern Mexico, including Ciudad Juarez, which Madero made his provisional capital. Orozco maintained his businesses during his time as general. On one occasion, his first action upon capturing a town was to sack the home of a business rival. Orozco was a cruel and ruthless commander. He once sent the uniforms of dead federal soldiers back to Dà ­az with a note: â€Å"Here are the wrappers: send more tamales.† Revolt Against Madero The armies of the north drove Dà ­az from Mexico in May 1911 and Madero took over. Madero saw Orozco as a violent bumpkin, useful to the war effort but out of his depth in government. Orozco, who was unlike Villa in that he was fighting not for idealism but under the assumption that he would be made at least a state governor, was outraged. Orozco had accepted the post of general, but he resigned it when he refused to fight Zapata, who had rebelled against Madero for not implementing land reform. In March 1912 Orozco and his men, called Orozquistas or Colorados, once again took to the field. Orozco in 1912–1913 Fighting Zapata to the south and Orozco to the north, Madero turned to two generals: Victoriano Huerta, a relic left over from the days of Dà ­az, and Pancho Villa, who still supported him. Huerta and Villa were able to rout Orozco in several key battles. Orozcos poor control of his men contributed to his losses: he allowed them to sack and loot captured towns, which turned the locals against him. Orozco fled to the United States but returned when Huerta overthrew and assassinated Madero in February 1913. President Huerta, in need of allies, offered him a generalship and Orozco accepted. Huertas Downfall Orozco was once again fighting Pancho Villa, who was outraged by Huertas murder of Madero. Two more generals appeared on the scene: Alvaro Obregà ³n and Venustiano Carranza, both at the head of huge armies in Sonora. Villa, Zapata, Obregà ³n, and Carranza were united by their hatred of Huerta, and their combined might was far too much for the new president, even with Orozco and his colorados on his side. When Villa crushed the federales at the battle of Zacatecas in June 1914, Huerta fled the country. Orozco fought on for a while but he was seriously outgunned and he, too, went into exile in 1914. Death After the fall of Huerta, Villa, Carranza, Obregà ³n, and Zapata began slugging it out among themselves. Seeing an opportunity, Orozco and Huerta met up in New Mexico and began planning a new revolt. They were captured by American forces and charged with conspiracy. Huerta died in prison. Orozco escaped and was later shot and killed by Texas Rangers on August 30, 1915. According to the Texas version, he and his men tried to steal some horses and were tracked down and killed in the ensuing gunfight. According to the Mexicans, Orozco and his men were defending themselves from greedy Texas ranchers, who wanted their horses. Legacy Today, Orozco is considered a minor figure in the Mexican Revolution. He never reached the presidency and modern historians and readers prefer the flair of Villa or the idealism of Zapata. It should not be forgotten, however, that at the time of Maderos return to Mexico, Orozco commanded the largest and most powerful of the revolutionary armies and that he won several key battles in the early days of the revolution. Although it has been asserted by some that Orozco was an opportunist who coldly used the revolution to his own gain, that does not change the fact that if not for Orozco, Dà ­az may well have crushed Madero in 1911. Sources McLynn, Frank. Villa and Zapata: A History of the Mexican Revolution. New York: Carroll and Graf, 2000.Pascual Orozco, Jr. (1882–1915).  Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, Encyclopedia.com, 2019.

Fun Holiday Science Projects

Are you looking for another source of fun for the winter holidays? Why not add some educational science projects with a winter holiday theme? These seasonal activities and experiments will entertain you, plus you may learn something too. Christmas Tree Preservative - You can use a little chemical know-how to keep your holiday tree fresh and beautiful. All you need are some common household ingredients. Marbled Scented Gift Wrap - Use a surfactant to marble paper to make your own gift wrap. You can embed a fragrance in the paper, too, so that it can smell like candy canes or Christmas trees. Make Your Own Snow - If the temperature where you live dips below freezing, then dont settle for polymer snow. Make your own water snow! Magic Crystal Christmas Tree - Grow crystals on a paper or sponge Christmas tree with this fun and easy project. Poinsettia pH Paper - The colorful bracts of this traditional holiday decoration contain a pigment that you can harvest for use as a pH indicator. Kid-Friendly Snow Globe - This is an arts-and-crafts type of project that shows even very young kids how to make their own snow globe or water globe. Crystal Snow Globe - On the other hand, if you are more proficient with chemistry, try using benzoic acid in your snow globe. The benzoic acid precipitates into crystals that look very much like real snow. Make Colored Flame Pinecones - Toss one or more of these pinecones onto a holiday fire to produce colored flames. Make Fake Snow - Do you want a white Christmas, but know it wont snow? Make artificial snow! Make Peppermint Cream Wafers - This is a cooking recipe that is written more like a chemistry project procedure. You can eat the candy that you make. Copper Plate a Christmas Ornament - This is an electrochemistry project in which you plate a bright copper coating onto a holiday ornament. Its educational and produces a pretty decoration. Make Snow Ice Cream - You can learn about freezing point depression or just make a tasty treat. If you dont have snow, substitute shaved ice in these recipes. Grow a Crystal Snowflake - Crystal snowflakes make beautiful sparkly holiday ornaments. They grow overnight, so they dont take much time to make. Cheery Colored Fire - A holiday fire is always nice, but its even more festive if you add some color. These chemicals are readily available and safe enough for use in your home. Re-Use the Turkey Thermometer - You dont have to throw away the pop-up thermometer that comes with a holiday turkey. You can reset the thermometer to use for other turkeys or poultry. Glow in the Dark Crystal Snowflake - These snowflakes are cool because after you turn out the lights they continue to glow for a while. Baking Powder vs Baking Soda - If you run out of one or the other during your holiday baking, you can substitute the ingredients. You just need to understand the chemistry of baking powder and baking soda. Silver Crystal Christmas Tree - Grow pure silver crystals on a tree form to make a glittering silver Christmas tree. This is an easy chemistry project that makes a spectacular decoration. Holiday Gifts You Can Make Top Gifts Science Geeks Can Make - This is a collection of quick and easy gifts you can make using your chemistry know-how. Signature Scent Perfume - Crafting a signature scent is a classic chemistry project. Solid Perfume - You can also make a solid perfume, which is a convenient alternative to liquid perfume. Fizzy Bath Balls - Fizzy bath balls use sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) to produce their fizz. Scented Bath Salts - There are different types of salts. A good scientist knows which to use to make soothing bath salts. Festive Gel Air Fresheners - You can make your own air fresheners. You can layer festive colors and add holiday scents, too.

Gandhi The Greatest Leaders Of All Time - 1450 Words

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born in Porbandar, India, on October 2, 1869. He was also known as â€Å"Mahatma† which means great soul and he is known as one the greatest leaders of all time. Gandhi was raised in a middle class Hindu family but he lived in a multicultural community meaning he grew up around different people who practiced different faiths and beliefs. His father was a political figure in Porbandar and was the dewan of Rajkot and Bikaner which is a powerful government official. His mother was a very religious woman who practiced Vaishnavism and worshipped the Vishnu God of Hindu. She was known to go on fasts for extended periods of time throughout her life. She was also heavily influenced by Jainism which is focused heavy on†¦show more content†¦This promise would eventually lead to him to becoming a devout and strong vegetarian. Gandhi found people who were also into fasting and were vegetarians this made it easier for him to commit to the promise. As a child Gandhi always had respect for other religions and wanted to learn as much about each. He read books on western philosophy, the Bible and other religious works. All of these text had a strong influence on Gandhi s values, to be accepting of other religions as well as his own. College was his first time reading the bible and also his first time reading the Bhagavad-Gita, which is one of the greatest works of his own Hindu religion. His college days were meant to be about getting his degree and completing school which he did but there was a greater picture achieving that he dealt with his personal and moral issues with his faith rather than his studies even though he completed it in three years. He believed that religion was full of rituals he tried to get rid of the rituals as much as possible. To Gandhi religion was a human institution made by human ingenuity to solve practical affairs as well as spiritual matters. Upon completing school and getting his degree and passing th e bar to become a barrister Gandhi was eager to return home to his wife, kids and mother. The home coming wasn’t what he expected as his mother had passed away while he was in London. His family kept the news from him

Racism A Modern Day Institution - 861 Words

All systems of inequality that exist today are products of pre-conceived notions. Historically, people of color have been subjugated to violence, maltreatment, and a scarcity of opportunities in the United States of America. Though it is important to acknowledge the modern-day institutions that uphold the oppression of black people, it is also important to recognize the institutions initiated these injustices. Racism as a modern-day institution is the consequence of slavery because the initial enslavement of people has historically been used as part of an economic agenda. Considering this, African slaves were perceived to be assets that were essential to the economy of the Americas. Nonetheless, while slavery was used as a system to promote the growth of economies, the decision to enslave any group of people is based on the preconceived notion that the people being enslaved are in fact inferior. To begin with, the labor of the African people was central to the various economies of the Americas. In the text, Capitalism Slavery, by Eric Williams, Williams discusses the economic foundation of slavery and the role that slavery and the slave trade played in financing the Industrial Revolution. Williams goes on to discuss the principle function of slavery throughout history. Williams writes, [Slavery] had been the basis of Greek economy and had built up the Roman Empire. In modern times it provided the sugar for the tea and the tea and the coffee cups of the Western world. ItShow MoreRelatedRacism And The Black Athlete Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesRacism is an evolving problem that we have face in our society for generations. This issue is evolving because it opens itself to all components of life. Sport is no stranger to involvement with racism, in fact it has been a platform which sparks change or intensifies the state of racism in society. 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Paraguay Tourism Free Essays

His extensive sales experience, general business acumen and a partnership with local Paraguayan entrepreneur Roman Gonzalez provided the easiness with the solid foundation required for growth. Largely unknown to many, Paraguay Is In the heart of South America, bordering fellow South American countries such as Bolivia, Brazil and Argentina. It has had a colorful history riddled by corrupt governments, political instability and is known as one of the poorest countries in South America. We will write a custom essay sample on Paraguay Tourism or any similar topic only for you Order Now While political instability, corruption and poverty are still issues requiring attention, the overall situation is showing many signs of improvement. The economy performed well in 2003-2008 with growth averaging around 5% per year. In 2010, Paraguayan economy rebounded impressively with real growth at 15% and unemployment fell to 6. 9%. Furthermore, in 2011 it was expected to drop even further (2). Brazil, on the other hand, Is the world’s fifth largest economy and is expected to remain In this position by the end of 2012 (1). Brazil has moderately free markets and an Inward-oriented economy. Its economy Is the largest In Latin American nations and the second largest in the Western Hemisphere (3). Additionally, Brazil is growth rate of over 5 percent and in Brazilian Real, its GAP was estimated at R$ 3. 143 trillion in 2009. The Brazilian economy has been predicted to become one of the five largest economies in the world in the decades to come. Paraguay has began tackling one of the main barriers to developing its tourism industry, infrastructure, investment and as such an overall focus has been placed on their main attractions such as the 11 national parks, which are being developed by the government into costumers centers. Paraguayans are very friendly, kind and relaxed creatures. You will find yourself sharing a teeter ‘ (iced herbal tea) with the locals while soaking up the peaceful ambiance that surrounds this magnificent part f the world. A country filled with fascinating culture, tradition and customs, but above all an ethos that life is there to be enjoyed with friends and family, sets Paraguay apart. The business will begin its trial catering to international tourism to Paraguay and neighboring Brazil. Two separate business units will cater to two different markets, firstly Fiesta Tours: Catering to 18 to 39 year old adventure party travelers or â€Å"Experience Seekers†. In order to cement its position as the carnival leader, Fiesta Tours (translated to Party Tours) will launch with its signature tour, Carnival in Brazil and Paraguay Incarnation. Carnival season runs between December and February each year. During summer months (peak season) Fiesta Tours will focus on showcasing the best â€Å"fun filled† events and local â€Å"must see† sights in Brazil (ROI De Jeanine) and Paraguay. Studies set out to discover how travelers think and feel to determine personal factors that ultimately influence their travel decisions. The key wants of the Fiesta Tours target market are: Authentic cultural experiences Social interactions Meeting and interacting with the locals Experiencing something â€Å"different† from their normal day-to-day life Understanding ND learning about different lifestyles and cultures Participating in the lifestyle and experiencing it rather than observing it Challenging themselves physically, emotionally and/or mentally Visiting authentic destinations that are not necessarily part of the tourist route Exposure to unique and compelling experiences Fiesta Tours will safely introduce travelers to the night-life and daytime wonders available in Brazil and Paraguay, essentially the experiences these â€Å"seekers† set out to enjoy. Already growing in popularity with young Australian tourists, Brazil (well now for its carnival and beaches) will receive extra attention when the eyes of the world are fixed to two major sporting events, the 2014 FIFE World Cup and in 2016 for the Olympic Games. The state government of ROI De Jeanine estimates that investments from 2010 through to 2016 will reach IIS$50 billion for construction of sports and transportation infrastructure, public security, education and training, etc. The projected focus on Brazil and neighboring countries present an opportunity to capitalist on the increased tourist numbers from Australia and abroad. However, sots importantly, it offers Paraguay, as the previously â€Å"undiscovered†, must see activities, the â€Å"cultural† aspect will be fulfilled through â€Å"Fair Trade† tourism. Fair Trade tourism as a special kind of responsible tourism in which it is the traveler who gets near the culture and people of the place and tries to get in touch with them, instead of doing it the other way round: having every person involved in tourism conform to western uses (27) Supporting these endeavors provide depth and a level of â€Å"real† fulfillment, the chance to â€Å"give something back† Paraguayans Brazilian Paraguayans and Brazilian will cater to the semi mature age market. These population changes have created the pleasure travel market for the elderly. This mature age market is, on average; better educated, more affluent and has greater expectations than the generation before them and forms a large and influential market sector. According to Economist Intelligence Unit (XIII) Research Report, the relative importance of senior citizens and the increasing incidence of travel by this age category is partially a result of increasing spending power, which is often higher Han other age categories. Improved financial position and spending power arise from a variety of factors. These include: (11) -most likely to inherit from parents or relatives; -children will have left home relieving financial strains; -relatively small or no outstanding mortgages; -their capital in property can be released; and -they may have considerable savings, maturing endowment policies Seniors will be the demographic discovery of this decade for two reasons. First, they are abundant in number. Secondly, their lifestyles are remarkably different from those of previous generations. With no models to guide them, the independent elderly are making new choices about how they want to live during a prolonged retirement (12). Events to cater to this target market to include: Shopping events local food Visiting historical places or museums Attending cultural events or festivals Outdoor activities relaxation Market analysis: Paraguay: Population: As of July 2011, 6. 459 Million Birth Rate: 2011, 23. 5 Growth rate: 2011, 1. 84% Paraguayan population is distributed unevenly through the coun try. About 56% of Paraguayans live in urban areas Age structure 15-64 years: 65. % (male 2,121 ,632/female 65 years and over: 6. 1% (male 183,440/female 211,663) (2011 est.. ) (3) Gender splits: Sex ratio: at birth: 1. 05 male(s)/female Under 15 years: 1. 03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1. 01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0. 86 male(s)/female Total population: 1. 01 male(s)/female (2011 est.. ) (5) Ethnicity/race: messiest 95%, Religions: Roman Catholic 90%, Mennonite, other Protestant 10% Brazil: population: July 1, 2011 Birth rate: 17. 79 births/1,OHO population (2011 est.. ) (6) Population growth rate: 1 . 134% (2011 est.. Population distribution in Brazil is very uneven. The majority of Brazilian live within 300 kilometers of the coast, while the interior in the Amazon Basin is almost empty. Therefore, the densely populated areas are on the coast and the sparsely populated areas are in the interior. 0-14 years: 26. 7% (male 15-64 years: 66. 8% (male 65 years and over: 6. 4% ( male 7;58,082) (2009 est.. ) Ethnic groups The minority ethnic groups in Brazil are various non-assimilated indigenous tribes comprising less than 1% of the population, who live in officially delimited reservations and either avoid contact with other peoples, or constitute separate social and political communities. The rest of the population can be considered a single â€Å"Brazilian† ethnic group, with highly varied racial types and backgrounds, but without clear ethnic sub-divisions. By â€Å"skin color†, or â€Å"race†, the 2008 PANDA gives 48. 43% White, 43. 80% Multiracial, 6. 84% Black, 0. 58% Stan, 0. 28% Meridian, 0. 07% undeclared (7) 2011 was a year of dramatic and unforeseen events that impacted on world travel and tourism. The protests, conflicts and revolutions in Arab countries at the start of the year, the tsunami and nuclear disaster in Japan, the rezone debt crisis, and lattice and economic drama in Greece and then Italy, were Just the most prominent in a long series of disruptive events around the world. In response, more than eight million travelers switched destinations, preferring to visit â€Å"safer† countries, and could not be enticed back with dumping prices, Freight told Pisa participants (13) Despite this difficult political and economic environment, the worldwide travel industry succeeded in growing well in 2011. According to Pip’s World Travel Monitor, the total number of trips will increase by 3% to 6. 6 billion this year, based on figures or the year to date and PICK estimates. Outbound (international) trips will increase by 5% to 980 million (14) Europeans traveled strongly in 2011 despite crises and catastrophes in destinations around the world. Outbound trips increased by 4% and thus exceeded expectations of only 1-2% growth this year. More moderate growth of 2-3% is forecast for 2012 due to the uncertain outlook (15) Amid the economic uncertainty in Europe and the USA, Asia continues to be one of the key drivers of the world economy. The outlook for Asian travel next year is also very positive, according to the Asian Travel Monitor. Asked about their travel intentions for 2012, a high 32% of survey respondents said they would travel more in 2012 than in 2011, while 37% plan similar levels and only 19% want to reduce their travel (16) Travel trends in the Americas in 2011 have been a story of two halves and this is likely to continue in 2012, experts said at the 19th World Travel Monitor Forum in Pisa. South America is showing strong double-digit growth for both outbound and inbound travel. Consumers from the region are continuing to travel strongly as local economies remain on the growth path, and the region is also welcoming more international suitors this year (17) Outbound travel from the USA showed zero growth over the first eight months of this year and the outlook for 2012 is also weak, according to the American Travel Monitor trend survey. Only 23% of Americans plan more international travel next year, 26% about the same, 28% plan to travel less and a high 23% do not plan any international travel in 2012 As a result, the PICK Travel Confidence Indicator for the USA next year is only at 98 points. At the same time, the relative price of outbound travel has declined through an appreciating Australian dollar (against many destinations) and changes in aviation business models, resulting in increased supply through lower cost air capacity (23) Financial Analysis: One quarter of the population lives in poverty. Most of the country’s land is concentrated in the hands of Just a few. Corruption is believed to be rampant. Unemployment fell to 6. 9% in 2010 and will continue to drop in 2011. A drawback is that nearly two-thirds of all workers have only a primary education or less. Almost 20% of all households live in extreme poverty (8) Paraguay has a small tourism industry. Total tourism receipts declined annually from 2000 through 2002. In 2003 Paraguayan hotel occupancy rate was 38 percent. It increased by 15 percent in 2004. Small gains in tourism have come from business rather than leisure travelers. For many years, Paraguay served as a central market for traceable, duty-free goods. However, crackdowns by the governments of Brazil and Argentina have stemmed the flow of shoppers traveling to Paraguay looking for traceable items (10). The most important component of the Paraguayan economy is the farming sector, which contributed 27% to GAP in 2006. Paraguay relies almost solely on hydroelectric power to meet its energy needs; its mobile network is advanced with roaming agreements present with neighboring countries. Brazier’s economic growth has led to an overall increase in living standards. However, approximately 16 million people still live in extreme poverty, defined as having 70 eels ($44, EYE) or less a month. Average monthly salaries have risen to 1. 2% in February to a record high 1,699. 70 Brazilian real ($932. 67), up from 1,679. 93 real in January and 1,627. 51 real in February 2011, the BEG said. Unemployment climbed to 5. 7% in February compared with 5. 5% in January, the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics, or BEG (9) The size of Brazier’s workforce was estimated to be around 102 million in 2008. Principal industries include Automobile, petrochemicals, machinery, electronics, cement and construction, aircraft, textiles, DOD and beverages, mining, consumer durables and tourism. ROI De Jeanine and SГo Paulo are the two main airports in Brazil. They also service domestic flights from major South American cities. The two Brazilian national airlines – Varian and TAM – rail services link Brazil with Argentina, Bolivia and Chile, distances are long and the trains are not particularly pleasant. Bus services are plentiful with many services taking you to neighboring South American countries. Mobile phone networks are stable and good reception is found throughout Brazil. Brazil has a good g data cellular network. Channel Analysis: The travel distribution system covers all the channels through which an international traveler can buy our services. Other than approaching our business directly, international travelers may book our products as follows. Australian travel agent or online retail agent Direct to our website Wholesaler/online wholesaler/LTO The travel distribution system has traditionally been very structured with clearly defined functions for each role in the supply chain. However, online technology and company mergers have transformed the tourism industry with an increasing amount f crossover in the roles and functions of various sectors of the distribution system. Businesses are engaging a mix of distribution partners to ensure the most effective way of reaching their target consumers. Paraguayans and Brazilian with its demographic of baby boomers are generally less internet save. â€Å"y’ as Gene or Gene, as such, distribution, while still maintaining an online presence, will focus on partnerships with traditional retail travel agents. The benefit here is the added layer of trust, security and ease with the face to face transaction, something which online purchases often lack. Distribution structure includes: Inbound Tour Operators (TO) Inbound tour operators are an important channel partner providing itinerary planning and product selection, coordinating the reservation, confirmation and payment of travel arrangements on behalf of overseas (non Australian) clients. Located in Australia, international retail travel agents (are the link to the international consumer) and wholesalers based overseas. As the traditional distribution system evolves it is important to understand the structure of the companies that one works with and their relationships with other organizations. Advantages of working with an TIT include the following: Regular business from a number of markets Extensive knowledge of international consumer needs Access to international travel partners Payment in Australian currency Online Travel Agents: Online travel agents deal directly with the consumer, there are no intermediaries. Escape Travel. Paraguayans, Brazilian Officiators Company website: Full secure site ready for online payments, live chat facilities, youth testimonial videos etc. Cultural Analysis: Paraguay people largely follow Catholic Christianity, although there are certain sections that practice Protestantism and Mennonite belief systems. The migration rate is low, and the rate of literacy is quite high. The people in Paraguay maintain a healthy sex ratio, and the health index is encouraging. Spanish is the official language of Paraguay, although Guarani continues to be spoken in certain quarters. The people of Paraguay rigorously maintain their indigenous cultural and social structures despite an overarching influence of Christianity. Known for their hospitality and commitment towards their freedom and racial pride, Paraguayans have interested the researches and the visitors for over the ages (24) Brazilian people SГo Paulo is a melting pot. There is no better definition for it. There is a large Japanese community in the state in addition to a little of everything else also: Italians, Arabs, Spanish, Portuguese and Jews to name Just a few. Walking on the streets of SГo Paulo is an amazing exercise in guessing people’s ethnic heritage. This highly mixed people created a rich diverse culture. From the Caperer, a kind of martial art created by the African slaves and very popular in northeast Brazil, to the Brazilian version of the German Octobers in Blumenthal, in the state of Santa Catalina. The variety is in the architecture, music, cuisine and even dress codes (25) Digital advertising: Search Engine optimization – increase likelihood that the target market searching for key words associated with their holiday information gathering phase find our website. Online advertising – Through the use of banner ads Social networking and user generated content – Increase the likelihood of viral advertising. Focus highly on the backbone phenomenon. Generating as many â€Å"fans† as possible, â€Å"likes† and drive traffic to the website. Videos and podiatrist – â€Å"Painting picture† for those interested in participating in our programs, Youth etc Mobile phone – optimizing our site for phone and android Email database Take advantage of the the tourism e-kit designed by tourism Australia to assist tourism operators to make the most of opportunities the internet provides. They have developed a series of simple tutorials to quickly give operators the skills and knowledge to be internet ready. Www. Data. Com. AU/tourism_e_kit. Asp Brochure: Distributed to trade shows and travel agencies Public Relations and the Media: Generating positive publicity is a vital component in establishing and maintaining How to cite Paraguay Tourism, Papers

Management Leadership on Quality Performance

Question: Discuss about the Management Leadership on Quality Performance. Answer: Introduction The aim of this report is to focus on the concepts of entrepreneurship and innovation applicable on Toyota Motor Corporation, the largest automobile manufacturing company headquartered in Japan. Entrepreneurship is considered as willingness and capacity to develop, manage and organize a venture while facing risks to make profitability. Innovation is one of the most important pillars of entrepreneurship as it remarks improved products, service, operational process and creative structure (Ryan Giblin, 2012). This report considers Toyota for the application and implementation of innovation in practice including their production system, managerial and supply chain innovation. In the past decades, Toyota has contributed to the automobile industry and gained significant advantage over its competitors (Nambisan Baron, 2012). Concept of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Innovation is a diverse concept that involves successful exploitation of new ideas. Innovation can be made in different forms namely: product and process innovation. The product attributes change the way it is noticed by the customers. The process of product or service can be changed as it is necessary to innovate in the medium and long-run (Galindo Mndez, 2014). Innovation adds to differentiation of products thereby enhancing competitive advantage. The benefits of innovation are not limited as Toyota has access to globalized world. The company needs to understand the dynamic nature of innovation so that it can be defined and aligned with its vision. The emphasis on innovation is put by the entrepreneurs in the form of new products, services, forms of organization and market structures. An entrepreneur pioneers change as he has high aptitude for creating wealth (Ben Letaifa Rabeau, 2013). Production System Innovation The entrepreneur links the production activities to real marketplace demand so that the quantities of items are used as and when needed. TPS or Toyota Production System is referred as the grand daddy of process innovation. When Toyota began its journey, it completely changed the landscape of manufacturing by introducing concepts such as pull production, Single-Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) and Just-in-Time (JIT) manufacturing (Aguado, Alvarez, Domingo, 2013). The concept of pull production applied in Toyota, also known as kanban system, is applicable to avoid overproduction. The purpose of the system is to have a measure of raw materials, components, work in progress and any other thing that shall be pulled in the next step of production (Schilling, 2015). Therefore, it is analysed that Toyota applied the concept of entrepreneurship by providing the customers exact amount of goods at the right place and right time. The entrepreneurs of the organization manage the flow and production of materials in just-in-time system. Kanban or pull system eliminates the need for card and signs and manages inventory efficiently (Aguado, Alvarez, Domingo, 2013). The powerful and effective production system is considered as unique as it offers superior value to its customers. There is organizational competitiveness in the organization. Another lean production method is Single-Minute Exchange of Die (SMED). Toyota discovered that it was extremely difficult to change the dies producing large body parts of a vehicle (Wesseling, Niesten, Hekkert, 2013). Therefore, the engineers took the first improvement method by placing precision measurement devices. This contributed in great success and economic lot size was reduced by effective entrepreneurship. The Just-in-Time production saves warehouse and other unnecessary costs to improve efficiency. It also involves organization and delivery of component parts so that the pre-existing issues can be addressed immediately (Alpenberg Scarbrough, 2016). Therefore, in the above case, Toyota has used innovation as a specific tool for entrepreneurship. As a start-up, Toyota had explored multiple opportunities to address the needs and meet the dynamic needs of production system in the automobile industry. The entrepreneurs empower the team members to optimize quality by eliminating unnecessary waste in the production process. The entrepreneur entrusts the employees with well-defined responsibilities encouraging every team member to strive overall improvement (Heller Darling, 2011). Supply Chain Innovation An efficient supply chain management is required to deliver the right products to customers at the right time. With the rapid increase in globalization, the entrepreneurs need to think more proactively and innovatively to balance product cost and flow throughout the cycle. Every product moves through different life cycle phases such as meeting demand and fulfilling customer needs (Prajogo, Oke, Olhager, 2016). The emphasis is gradually shifting the improve supply chain efficiency and reducing cost while maximizing profitability. Toyotas supply chain helps in integrating with the production system and allocating resources effectively. The company has significant ability to work with its suppliers and establish network (Hsu, Jayaram, Laosirihongthong, 2014). The company and its partners concentrate on sharing organizational alignment, cultural similarities and proximity. The supply chain of Toyota employs domestic production where significant percentage of components and materials are brought by the local partners. When Toyota entered the European market, it established a strong inter-organizational that is considered as one of the most important innovations (Matsuo, 2015). Toyota has a unique two-tier supply chain that ensures fast and smooth delivery. There are two parts centres that are used for emergency freight and safety stock to absorb interruptions in supply for ensuring consistent service to dealers (Lee, Ooi, Seow, 2014). The centralization of inventory adds to better handling and transportation in the supply chain. Centralization helps in better control and availability while enabling economies of scale, re-sorting, packing and picking of materials. Toyota has established partnership with a limited number of third-party logistics providers to deliver logistics services. Toyota needs a place to store supplies and avoid piling up too many assets. Toyota Motor Corporation is currently one of the model companies worldwide in many aspects of conducting a successful business practice, including supply chain management (Roh, Hong, Min, 2014). Managerial Innovation Managerial innovation is considered as one of the most important aspects as Toyota integrates all processes to shape its own competitive advantage for efficient management. Management innovation involves the fourteen management principles that reflect true essence of innovation and entrepreneurship. One of the principles followed by the company is that the management decisions are based on a long-term philosophy. To meet the short-term financial goals, Toyota needs to make effective management decisions (Eftekhari Bogers, 2015). The management team creates a continuous process flow for bringing the problems to the surface. The company levels out the workload where employees are trained to work a constant but good pace. The organizational culture is built in a manner that prefers getting the best quality at the first time and fixing problems (Khan Naeem, 2016). The managers standardize the tasks and processes for employee empowerment and continuous improvement. Visual controls are used by the management team so that no problem is hidden. Only tested ad thorough technology is used by the automobile company for serving the people and process. Another principle is to grow leaders who know and understand the work inside out. Not only understating, but the leaders are expected to teach the same to subordinates. Exceptional people and team are developed who follow the company philosophy. The team members respect the extended network of suppliers and partners by challenging them to help improve (Teoman Ulengin, 2017). The Toyota managers are expected to go-and-see operations as they cannot have an understanding without observing. The decisions made by the management are shared in a timely fashion, reported, informed and consulted in a timely manner. The decisions are made slowly, thoroughly after critical analysis. Toyota challenges people to do better, help suppliers to fix their problems. The base lies in problem solving nature through improvement and continuous reflection (Back, Parboteeah, Nam, 2014). Toyota is a learning organization and the management continually strives for improvement. Toyota rewards its employees who are loyal to the company while protecting the company and maintaining a positive spirit throughout the organization. The managers think outside the box hat contributes in innovation. The cross functional teams fix the problems and help the company in being a better supplier. The company empowers the employees to grow and improve while maintaining high quality. The management manage production systems, supply chain and integrate other functions together while avoiding wastage, maximizing productivity and profitability (Volberda, Bosch, Mihalache, 2014). Conclusion Conclusively, Toyota has a positive innovation culture as the entrepreneurs have a positive attitude. The entrepreneurs of the organization manage the flow and production of materials in just-in-time system. The effective production systems have contributed in great success and economic lot size was reduced by effective entrepreneurship. As a start-up, Toyota had explored multiple opportunities to address the needs and meet the dynamic needs of production system in the automobile industry. The supply chain of Toyota employs domestic production where significant percentage of components and materials are brought by the local partners. Toyota has established partnership with a limited number of third-party logistics providers to deliver logistics services. The management team creates a continuous process flow for bringing the problems to the surface. Toyota challenges people to do better, help suppliers to fix their problems. References Aguado, S., Alvarez, R., Domingo, R. (2013). Model of efficient and sustainable improvements in a lean production system through processes of environmental innovation.Journal Of Cleaner Production,47, 141-148. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.11.048 Aguado, S., Alvarez, R., Domingo, R. (2013). Model of efficient and sustainable improvements in a lean production system through processes of environmental innovation.Journal Of Cleaner Production,47, 141-148. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.11.048 Alpenberg, J. Scarbrough, D. (2016). Exploring communication practices in lean production.Journal Of Business Research,69(11), 4959-4963. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.059 Back, Y., Praveen Parboteeah, K., Nam, D. (2014). Innovation in Emerging Markets: The Role of Management Consulting Firms.Journal Of International Management,20(4), 390-405. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2014.07.001 Ben Letaifa, S. Rabeau, Y. (2013). Too close to collaborate? How geographic proximity could impede entrepreneurship and innovation.Journal Of Business Research,66(10), 2071-2078. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.02.033 Eftekhari, N. Bogers, M. (2015). Open for Entrepreneurship: How Open Innovation Can Foster New Venture Creation.Creativity And Innovation Management,24(4), 574-584. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/caim.12136 Galindo, M. Mndez, M. (2014). Entrepreneurship, economic growth, and innovation: Are feedback effects at work?.Journal Of Business Research,67(5), 825-829. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.11.052 Heller, V. Darling, J. (2011). Toyota in crisis: denial and mismanagement.Journal Of Business Strategy,32(5), 4-13. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02756661111165426 Hsu, C., Tan, K., Jayaram, J., Laosirihongthong, T. (2014). Corporate entrepreneurship, operations core competency and innovation in emerging economies.International Journal Of Production Research,52(18), 5467-5483. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2014.915069 Khan, B. Naeem, H. (2016). Measuring the impact of soft and hard quality practices on service innovation and organisational performance.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,162, 1-25. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2016.1263543 Lee, V., Ooi, K., Chong, A., Seow, C. (2014). Creating technological innovation via green supply chain management: An empirical analysis.Expert Systems With Applications,41(16), 6983-6994. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2014.05.022 Matsuo, H. (2015). Implications of the Tohoku earthquake for Toyota?s coordination mechanism: Supply chain disruption of automotive semiconductors.International Journal Of Production Economics,161, 217-227. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.07.010 Nambisan, S. Baron, R. (2012). Entrepreneurship in Innovation Ecosystems: Entrepreneurs' Self-Regulatory Processes and Their Implications for New Venture Success.Entrepreneurship Theory And Practice,37(5), 1071-1097. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2012.00519.x Prajogo, D., Oke, A., Olhager, J. (2016). Supply chain processes.International Journal Of Operations Production Management,36(2), 220-238. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-03-2014-0129 Roh, J., Hong, P., Min, H. (2014). Implementation of a responsive supply chain strategy in global complexity: The case of manufacturing firms.International Journal Of Production Economics,147, 198-210. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.04.013 Ryan, P. Giblin, M. (2012). High-tech Clusters, Innovation Capabilities and Technological Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Ireland.The World Economy,35(10), 1322-1339. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2012.01486.x Schilling, M. (2015). Towards Dynamic Efficiency.The Antitrust Bulletin,60(3), 191-207. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x15598596 Teoman, S. Ulengin, F. (2017). The impact of management leadership on quality performance throughout a supply chain: an empirical study.Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 1-25. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2016.1266244 Volberda, H., Van Den Bosch, F., Mihalache, O. (2014). Advancing Management Innovation: Synthesizing Processes, Levels of Analysis, and Change Agents.Organization Studies,35(9), 1245-1264. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840614546155 Wesseling, J., Niesten, E., Faber, J., Hekkert, M. (2013). Business Strategies of Incumbents in the Market for Electric Vehicles: Opportunities and Incentives for Sustainable Innovation.Business Strategy And The Environment,24(6), 518-531. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bse.1834

Acute Care Hypothyroidism

Question: Discuss about theAcute Carefor Hypothyroidism. Answer: Effect of Co-morbidity and Associated Needs on Pre-Operative Experience Hypothyroidism is one of the common disorders that affect cardiovascular, hematopoietic, respiratory and renal organ system. Before the surgery, treatment of hypothyroidism is necessary. The measurement of the euthyroidism needs to be documented, which is the part of the preoperative evaluation (van Santen et al., 2015). This will provide a better surgical result that helps to improve the morbidity and the mortality rate. In case of Mrs. Gupta, she takes 100 mcg thyroxin daily to reduce the rate of hypothyroidism. If the hypothyroidism does not reduced, it can affect the surgical patient. Sometimes it can be fatal for the patient. Therefore, the patient needs T3 treatment to reduce the risk of the preoperative stage. Mrs. Gupta has myocardial infarction that results the atrial fibrillation. The thyroxin helps to reduce the effects of the hypothyroidism and myocardial infarction. The TH hormone helps to develop the cardiovascular condition. Reddy and Ram (2015) mentioned that in case of preoperative stage, cardiovascular system plays major role. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the effect of hypothyroidism (co-morbidity) and thyroxin (associated needs) on pre-operative experience. In case of Mrs. Gupta, she is overweight and her BMI is 35 that needs to be reduced, which can create problem in the operative stages. Therefore, the treatment of the hypothyroidism is necessary. In such case, the coronary blood flow plays the significant role as well as the thyroid hormone. The therapeutic treatment can help Mrs. Gupta in such situation. References Reddy, k. A., ram, n. P. (2015). Role of pre-operative investigations in preventing the post-operative complications of thyroid surgery.Journal of evolution of medical and dental sciences-jemds,4(90), 15555-15560. van Santen, H. M., Schouten-Meeteren, A. Y., Serlie, M., Meijneke, R. W., van Trotsenburg, A. S., Verberne, H., ... Fliers, E. (2015). Effects of T3 treatment on brown adipose tissue and energy expenditure in a patient with craniopharyngioma and hypothalamic obesity.Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism,28(1-2), 53-57.